Allergies vs. Colds: Symptoms, Differences & Relief

If spring's arrival brings not just flowers but also sneezing fits, or the onset of fall triggers tears that weren’t prompted by the joy of watching the leaves gently drift to the ground, remember, you’re not alone in these seasonal woes. Since they have similar symptom profiles, it can be difficult to tell if you’re experiencing allergies or a cold. Yet, despite their similarities, these two conditions stem from very different sources. Let's take a look at the difference between allergy and cold symptoms as well as what you can do to help manage them effectively.

What are Allergies?

Allergies are an immune system response to substances that are typically harmless to most people. These substances are known as allergens. What causes allergies will differ between individuals, but common allergens include pollen, pet dander, dust mites, certain foods, insect stings and mold. When someone with allergies comes into contact with an allergen, their immune system mistakenly sees it as a threat and produces antibodies to fight it off. This causes a runny nose, watery eyes and other symptoms we associate with allergies.

When is Allergy Season?

Although spring is considered prime allergy season, there are three seasons that produce common allergens: spring, summer and fall. In spring, trees start to bloom and produce pollen. This pollen production can extend into early summer, depending on the region and types of trees in your area. Grass pollen tends to peak during late spring and early summer. Finally, late summer and early fall can bring allergy symptoms to those allergic to weeds, such as ragweed, that are in bloom during this time period.

What are Some Common Allergy Symptoms?

The severity of allergy symptoms can vary widely, causing different levels of discomfort. Common allergy symptoms often include:

• Itchy, runny nose: One of the most common symptoms includes an irritated and congested sinus pathway.
• Sneezing: Allergens can trigger sneezing fits as your body tries to get rid of them.
• Itchy, watery eyes: Allergies can make your eyes feel irritated, itchy and produce more tears than usual.
• Sore throat: Allergic reactions can lead to a scratchy or sore throat due to irritation caused by excessive mucus in the nasal passages, which drips the back of the throat (post-nasal drip).
• Fatigue: Dealing with allergy symptoms can leave you feeling tired and lacking energy.

The duration of these symptoms can vary from a few weeks to several months, depending on how often you’re exposed to the allergens.

What is a Cold?

A cold, also known as the common cold, is a viral infection of the upper respiratory tract. Colds can be caused by over 200 different viruses and are highly contagious, spread through droplets from coughs and sneezes, as well as by touching contaminated surfaces. Most colds resolve on their own within a week to ten days, though symptoms can linger longer in some cases.

When is Cold Season?

Contrary to popular belief, cold weather doesn’t cause a cold, but more colds do occur during the colder months. Although colds can happen any time of the year, the common cold season lasts from September or October through March or April.

What are Some Common Cold Symptoms?

Just like with allergies, the severity of your symptoms can vary widely. Common cold symptoms may include:

• Runny or stuffy nose: Nasal congestion and discharge are common, making breathing through the nose difficult.
• Sneezing: Frequent sneezing is often a symptom of a cold, as the body tries to clear the nasal passages.
• Sore throat: A scratchy or sore throat can develop due to irritation from post-nasal drip or direct infection of the throat tissues.
• Fatigue: Dealing with cold symptoms can leave you feeling tired and run down.
• Fever: Some people may experience a slight increase in body temperature.
• Body aches: Some individuals may experience muscle aches or general body discomfort.

Is It a Cold or Allergies?

How to tell the difference between allergies and a cold lies in the subtle contrast between their symptoms. Although both typically cause sneezing and a runny nose, only colds tend to bring symptoms like coughing and fever. Additionally, itchy eyes are a hallmark symptom of allergies that isn’t typically found in colds. Being able to recognize these differences can help guide you towards faster relief.

Managing Seasonal Allergies

Managing your seasonal allergies may involve a combination of strategies to reduce your exposure to allergens and alleviate symptoms. Here are a few tips for making it through the season comfortably:

• Take allergy medicine: Over the counter or prescription medications can help alleviate allergy symptoms.
• Avoid allergens: Try to minimize your exposure to allergens by keeping the windows and door closed during high pollen seasons. Check local pollen forecasts and plan outdoor activities when pollen levels are lower.
• Keep indoor air clean: Use air purifiers and vacuum carpets and upholstery often. Additionally, showering and changing clothes after spending time outdoors can help remove pollen from your body and clothing.
• Use nasal irrigation: Using a neti pot or saline spray can help flush our allergens and mucus from the nasal passages, reducing congestion.
• Eat a healthy diet: Support your immune system by eating a diet that includes fruits, vegetables and other nutrient-rich foods known to help fight seasonal allergies.

Caring for a Cold

Caring for a cold will involve a combination of measures to alleviate symptoms, support the immune system and improve recovery. Here are some tips for caring for a cold:

• Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of fluids such as water, herbal tea, broth or warm lemon water to help loosen congestion and prevent dehydration.
• Rest: Get plenty of rest to help your body fight off the virus and conserve energy for healing.
• Use over-the-counter cold medicine: Over-the-counter medications can help relieve cold symptoms. Always follow the recommended dosage instructions and consult a healthcare provider if you have any questions or concerns.
• Use nasal irrigation: Saline sprays and neti pots can help moisturize nasal passages, relieve congestion and flush out mucus.
• Use a humidifier: Using a humidifier in your bedroom can help add moisture to the air, which can help relieve a dry throat or nasal passages.
• Eat healthily: Making better-for-you choices and using food as medicine promotes a stronger immune system and supports a healthy lifestyle. Some great things to eat during cold and flu season include foods with antioxidants, probiotics and other beneficial nutrients.
• Stay home: If you're feeling unwell, stay home to rest and prevent spreading the cold to others.

If you’re still uncertain whether you're dealing with a cold or seasonal allergies or need help managing your symptoms, schedule an appointment at The Little Clinic for a professional diagnosis and quality solutions. A world of care is in-store.

^{This information is educational only and is not meant to provide healthcare recommendations. Please see a healthcare provider.}